Finishing Operations in Manufacturing

The Final Step That Makes the Difference: Understanding Finishing Operations in Manufacturing

In many manufacturing workflows, attention is often focused on machining, forming, or assembly. But for products that demand appearance, durability, and dimensional consistency, Finishing Operations in manufacturing play an equally important role. These operations transform rough, newly fabricated components into finished parts that meet both performance standards and customer expectations.

Finishing steps can include deburring, anodizing, powder coating, chemical film treatments, and precision cleaning. Each process enhances specific aspects of a part, from corrosion resistance to cosmetic appeal and helps ensure compliance with rigorous quality standards. For engineers, buyers, and sourcing professionals, understanding finishing operations is critical to managing risk, cost, and lifecycle performance.

Types of Finishing Operations

The term "finishing" covers a wide range of techniques, each serving a different purpose depending on material, application, and industry requirements. Common examples include:

  • Deburring and edge radiusing: Removes sharp edges and small imperfections left by machining or punching.
  • Anodizing and chemical film: Used on aluminum components for corrosion resistance and surface hardness.
  • Powder coating and painting: Provide color, texture, environmental protection, and branding consistency.
  • Plating (e.g., zinc, nickel): Adds surface hardness, corrosion protection, or conductivity.
  • Cleaning and passivation: Removes oils, debris, or oxidation, particularly important in medical or aerospace applications.

These operations are often the final step before inspection and shipping, making them the last line of defense for product quality.

Engineering and Design Considerations

Engineers should consider finishing requirements early in the design process. Certain materials react differently to treatments, and part geometry can affect how coatings apply or how fixtures are used during finishing.

Examples include:

  • Deep recesses or blind holes that trap coating or chemicals
  • Surface finishes that interfere with tight tolerance fits
  • The need for masking to protect non-coated areas

By accounting for these factors early on, teams can avoid costly rework, improve first-pass yield, and reduce delays.

Process Integration and Scheduling

Finishing operations don’t just affect the part’s performance, they impact scheduling and supply chain efficiency. Many finishing steps are outsourced to specialty providers, which introduces additional lead time and handling risk.

To mitigate this, some manufacturers offer in-house finishing capabilities or work with trusted partners in close geographic proximity. Either approach helps reduce turnaround time and improves coordination between production, finishing, and final inspection.

Effective project planning includes:

  • Early identification of finish specifications
  • Coordinated scheduling with finish providers
  • Inspection protocols specific to coated or treated parts

Quality and Compliance

In industries like aerospace, defense, and medical manufacturing, finishing operations are governed by strict standards. Surface treatments must meet precise thickness, adhesion, and appearance criteria. Documentation such as certificates of conformance and plating reports are often required.

Typical finishing-related quality controls include:

  • Coating thickness measurements (e.g., using XRF or eddy current)
  • Visual inspection for uniformity, blemishes, or contamination
  • Adhesion or hardness testing (especially for anodize and paint)
  • Traceability for all chemicals and treatments used

Neglecting these steps can result in product failures or noncompliance with regulatory bodies.

Real-World Application

Geater Machining & Manufacturing Company, located in Independence, Iowa, understands the importance of finishing as part of a comprehensive production strategy. By integrating finishing operations into their broader manufacturing workflows, they help clients reduce risk, maintain consistency, and meet demanding technical and aesthetic requirements, particularly in aerospace and high-tech markets.

Finishing isn’t an afterthought; it’s a precision process that ensures the product not only works as intended but also looks and lasts the way it should.


Many thanks to Geater Machining and Manufacturing for submitting this article for our blog. Visit their website at: https://geater.com/

Form 5330 and Late Employee Contributions

Every year millions of dollars are withheld from employees’ salaries for their retirement. And employers are required to deposit the employee’s salary deferral contributions to the retirement plan’s trust account “as soon as administratively possible”.

 

As Soon as Administratively Possible

 

“As soon as administratively possible” means what it says. An employer that has a history of remitting employee contributions 2-3 days after payroll, is expected to be able to meet the same transmission time for all employee contributions.

 

There can be several reasons that there is a delay in depositing the funds into the retirement plan trust account; staff shortages, vacations, clerical oversight to name a few. But as in many industries there are always a few bad apples such as employers that use employee contributions for business purposes. Employers justify to themselves that it is only a loan but employees lose earnings from interest and dividends as well as market value increases on their investments if contributions are not timely deposited.

 

“Lending of money or other extension of credit between a plan and a disqualified person” is considered a Prohibited Transaction. The IRS defines a disqualified person as a person who is an “employer any of whose employees are covered by the plan” or “an employee organization any of whose members are covered by the plan.”

 

Failure To Make Timely Deposits

 

What happens if an employer intentionally or inadvertently fails to timely deposit the employee contributions?

 

Internal Revenue Code Section 4975 imposes a 15% excise tax of the amount involved. If the transaction is not corrected within the taxable period, there is an additional tax of 100% of the amount involved. Excise taxes are paid using Form 5330 Return of Excise Taxes Related to Employee Benefit Plans.

 

The Form 5330 instructions define the “amount involved” as “the greater of the amount of money and fair market value of the property given or money and fair market value of the property received.” This is generally the amount of earnings lost for failure to timely deposit the contribution. More later on calculation of amount involved or lost earnings.

 

The taxable period is the period of time beginning with the date of the prohibited transaction and ending on the date the correction is completed. Each prohibited transaction has its own separate taxable period. Meaning that a prohibited transaction not fully corrected in one tax year will incur an additional and separate prohibited transaction the following tax year.

 

Amount Involved

 

The amount involved is based on interest in the elective deferrals. Interest rates are determined using the IRS published underpayment rate for each quarter of the taxable period. The taxable period may extend over several quarters and interest rates may vary. Interest on See IRC 6621 Table of Underpayment Rate, for each quarter. Interest on lost earnings must also be compounded for every quarter if the prohibited transaction is not corrected.

 

The IRS has a voluntary Fiduciary Correction Program (VFCP) online calculator that can assist in the calculation of the lost earnings. However, it does not constitute correction under the VFCP.

 

If any Principal Amount, such as the employee contributions that was not deposited, was used for a specific purpose that generated a profit, you must “Calculate Restoration of Profit”. The VFCP Online calculator will compare such profit to the interest calculation and if it exceeds the Lost Earnings and interest calculation, the Restoration of Profit must be used for the correction.

 

When is the Prohibited Transaction fully corrected?

 

To correct the prohibited transaction, the disqualified person must “undo the transaction without putting the plan in worse financial position than if the transaction never occurred”, such as depositing the employee contributions into the plan as soon as possible. However, the transaction is not fully corrected until not only the employee contributions are deposited but any lost earnings are also deposited into the Plan’s trust.

 

Paying the excise taxes

 

The disqualified person must file Form 5330 and complete Section C, Tax on prohibited Transaction, and pay a 15% excise tax on the amount involved.

 

The Excise taxes will be assessed for every tax year (or partial tax year) when the prohibited transaction is not fully corrected. Additional interest on the lost earnings will be subject to the 15% excise tax as well.

 

Tax on Prohibited Transactions should be reported by the last day of the 7th month following the end of the tax year for the employer.

 

The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) recognizes that when it comes to money there will always be a bit of corruption and such behavior should be discouraged. 

 

Amy Boyd, CPA, CEBS

Why Hire an IT Service Provider?


Why should I use an outsourced IT provider? Many businesses may ask if they should hire an outsourced IT provider to manage their company's information technology. The answer is simple, to save time and money by hiring an expert to manage day to day operations and prevent problems. There are more details in how that actually applies to a business.

 

This is especially true for the legal cannabis industry, which has unique challenges and hefty regulations for growers, distributors, and dispensaries in the cannabis industry. Federal and State regulations requires very specific data to be kept in these operations and failure to mange that data may result in fines or even closures of a business, not to mention insurance rates.

 

We recently spoke with Steve Arndt, President of Cannabis Technology Partners, a Division of Silver Lining's Technology, and Greg Shenefelt, Help Desk Coordinator at Cannabis Technology Partners about why it would make sense for a company to engage an IT Services Provider, especially one in the legal cannabis industry. Below is part of the interview we conducted with them.

 

Why Should I Hire an IT Service Provider?

 

There's a lot of great reasons to use an outsource provider. Number one, it just lets you focus on all the things that you need to do to make your business successful without having to worry about IT day-to-day meltdowns or tasks, even when you do have a deep-vested knowledge in IT practices.

 

One could ask the question, why would you hire an outsource payroll provider or an outsource accounting provider. In either one of those cases, you're doing it number one to buy yourself time, but also, you're trying to hire an expert that can do it a lot faster and in theory, a lot cheaper than in-house. Again, time is money, so faster definitely helps. You want somebody that's there reacting to internet outages and things that are going to affect operations right away. So, having somebody on the hook that's taking care of those problems right away when who knows what you're doing, that's gold.

 

You should hire an outsource firm because these individuals are going to have specialized tools and expertise that you don't have access to in-house. And it's also really nice to know, hey, I have this critical thing happening, and there's somebody on the other end that's already responded to it. We've got the providers involved. We're getting the service restored, which, again, like Steve said, time is money, and that brings your money maker right back up.

 

I've done IT consulting for years and years and years. But what I've found great systems is really for an effective IT department, you need to have four different skill sets in play. A single person doesn't have the capacity to do and handle all of the things that an IT department itself needs to do. When you talk about doing it in-house or you have an IT background, chances are you're doing a chunk of that stuff. There's probably a whole bunch of stuff that you're not doing, maybe compliance, maybe security, who knows, applications, that a team, and especially an outsource team where you've got predictable costs, can handle for you, and quite frankly, supplement. It's not negative that you know how to do it. It's actually a much better team environment.


But I Am Knowledgeable in Information Technology, Why Outsource?


I've run across is just in whatever area you're in is you may have somebody as an expert, but it still doesn't mean you have all the time dedicated to it. Do you find a lot of companies that just don't have the bandwidth to be able to do this, and this helps offset some of those?


A lot of times, you don't know what you don't know. With a good, outsourced IT provider, they're going to fill the gaps and help educate you along the way. The minute you go through a couple of those iterations, you go, Gee, oh, my gosh, of course, I should have done that before.

 

Are All IT Service Providers the Same?

 

I definitely don't think all are the same. Part of it has to do with where did they come from, what's their orientation? A lot of what's called MSPs or IT service providers, grew out of the idea that there was a strong technical person, and they didn't like working for anybody else. So, they start their own company.

 

That’s great but they're very narrowly focused on the tech itself. Other firms, for instance, like ours, for instance have a more comprehensive approach. I have a background in CIO, and you think, Well, CIO is tech. No, it's really business. How does business work? And what do you do with the tech to operate effectively in business and at cost? Those themselves are two different, vastly different perspectives. And quite frankly, there are a number of others. Really, not all firms are the same.

 

You need to look for one that aligns with gaps that you have so that they can supplement those. Obviously, pricing is all across the board, so you need to really understand what the pricing is.

 

Pricing Differences:

 

It may seem like one company is more expensive than another, but perhaps they're offering security and compliance and other things on top of it or 24 by 7 support versus another one that you're getting bare bones, right? And you don't really know until something goes outside of those bounds and you have to pay more for it.

 

Some companies are only focused on the tech, and then they forget about the service aspect here, helping you alleviate pressures that you're feeling in your day-to-day environment or just keeping you ahead of those things. It's great to go to bed at night and not worry, hey, is my email secure or my PC is safe? And to have somebody just, again, get on the phone and have that human one-on-one connection and conversation with and it is not so tech driven.

 

Pro-Active Firms vs. Reactive Firms:

 

There are a lot of firms that are reactive for you, but most businesses, don't you want somebody that's proactive? Don't you want people that are preventing the security flaws from coming in rather than just reacting to them? You have got to do both. I get it, but there's a lot to be said for having a proactive firm as your partner.

 

How Does IT Management Affect the Legal Cannabis Industry?

 

There have been many folks that have posited the cannabis industry as the most regulated industry, even compared to drug companies and such or hospitals and things like that. From my experience, I've seen that. You've got, not even tobacco, you have to track the product, the tobacco product from when it comes out of the ground all the way through to when it's produced as a cigar or a cigarette, alcohol, the same thing. But with cannabis, we've got to track the product all the way through. You're regulated to do that. But not only that, every state's regulations are slightly different. You've got to not just know the general. You have to know Very specific, where are you operating? Every single one of the states mandates some surveillance of the product. So not only do you have to track it in terms of data points and what happens, you also have to show visual proof of what took place with the product itself all the way through your organization. Those two things are huge. And quite frankly, those are the two things that get Most of the cannabis organizations in trouble. I mean, in business, you can get in trouble for a lot of things.

 

From a technological perspective, you got to nail both data points and visual proof. Surveillance is the perfect example where the surveillance industry, as it's been for the last 20 years, really hasn't been positioned well to do that. The traditional surveillance provider is a reseller of equipment, an installer, and then they walk away, hands off, it's done. They also don't typically think of the network as a whole. I mean, yeah, their devices sit on the network, but if it's the network's fault, again, they throw up their hands. Having a full service provider that understands that and isn't just going to, well, I'm sorry, that's not our thing, but literally take ownership of the technology all the way through to this idea of making sure you're fully compliant and responding correctly when there's an outage or something else, that's a huge thing in cannabis and a requirement. Most people don't get that they get burned by fines or theft or something else. It's not a good lesson.

 

When we chose to start a Cannabis IT Services Provider Company again, it goes back to the strategic side and the big picture side of things, the business things. I love that and figuring that stuff out, but I'm also always about taking ownership. Number one, I don't expect our clients to love, like, or be good at technology. If they were, again, it goes back to the first question, why should you hire us? Well, yeah, I think there's valid reasons, but most of them, these aren't the strengths, and quite frankly, not their focus as well. For us to know what the compliance requirements are and to provide that information, again, that's value to our clients to understand the full life cycle. Cannabis is fascinating, even more so than alcohol and some other stuff, because quite frankly, now with infusion, in manufacturing. I mean, cannabis is in everything, and not just edibles and consumables, but health products. You've got rubs and you've got other things that the product is used for. It's like an ingredient like sugar, which ends up in everything all over. Only now you have to track it. You have to know where it's at, and every state's different

 

Final Thoughts:

 

Any business relationship where you're involving a partner, and again, legal, accounting, IT, whatever it is, construction, I think you want to look for a person or a team that owns the issue and is accountable to the issue, that doesn't shy away and start making excuses about this thing or the other. I want people that are responsible and accountable that work for me, whether they're internal, external vendors or anything like that, and that's going to help you be successful.

 

Man Thanks to Steve Arndt, and Greg Shenefelt for their information.

You can reach them at Cannabis Technology Partners - https://cannabistechnologypartners.com/

 

You can also hear the entire interview on the Podcast : Small Business Talks Podcast


America Business Spotlight 2023: Collagen Native Type 2

Collagen Native Type 2 Manufacturing

If you have been following us, we recently posted on the Made in America Blog and highlighted why buying products that are made in America today is a smart choice.  Today we would like to highlight the background of SBEDGE® Supplement’s Collagen Native Type 2 and lay out our experience and qualifications.

History

 Sioux Biochemical started in 1995 with the isolation of proteins and hormones for research.  This included ovine, bovine and porcine Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Growth Hormone (GH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Prolactin (Luteotropic Hormone), and Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH).

This also included enzymes and research proteins such as Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG; eCG), Secretin and chogcrystokinin, Trypsin, and Chymotrypsin. 

 Additionally, we have…

·         Developed a process for the extraction and purification of Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) from bovine trachea.  This led to the creation of a secondary sister company called Sioux Pharm which was dedicated to the production of CS.

·         Worked with several clients on the development of extraction of proteins from GMO crops, such as Corn and Rice.  The companies we worked with created a GMO crop with a protein of interest inserted into the genetics of the crop.  The protein(s) were difficult to attain from other methods.  Extraction, purification and stabilizing of the proteins were often required.

·         Developed a process for the manufacture of Biodiesel from sources such as corn oil and other agricultural/plant sources.  This project lasted for 3 years until the sourcing of feed stock became too competitive to continue, but Sioux Bio was considered to have some of the highest quality Bio Diesel available.

Finally, and most recently Sioux Bio has worked on the isolation of an undenatured type 2 collagen from bovine source for the supplement market that it branded under SBEDGE® Supplements name.

Process

Our process starts with raw bovine material that comes 100% from USDA-inspected facilities right here in the United States.  Then our gentle extraction process allows our collagen to retain the characteristics of the Full Molecule in its natural form.  This is important since it becomes bio-active in nature allowing your body to process it naturally, which then triggers other important biological processes in your body.

You can learn more about Dr. Kramer and SBEDGE® Supplements and its Collagen product by visiting their website.  And don’t forget to check out their 90-Day Collagen Challenge.

Many thanks to Dane the Hibma, Plant Engineer at SB EDGE, with over 7 years of experience in Collagen manufacturing.

3 Reasons You Should Inspect Industrial Equipment That Isn’t Broken

Inspecting Your Industrial Equipment


A couple of weeks ago, Amanda Clark noticed that a service crew had installed new racking in our warehouse. At first, I was a little confused by this. What's wrong with our current racking? Why did we need to get new racking? Did something happen that I didn't know about? After asking these questions, I found out that we were just upgrading our racking system. But if it isn't broken....why would we need to fix it?

In this day and age, it is a good idea to inspect all of your current equipment, even if it “visually appears to be ok” and consider fixing or replacing it with new equipment. The cost of inspecting or having everything checked is nominal compared to have the equipment break or fail completely. Not just the cost of replacement but the related costs of employee injuries or damage to your building or products is far more expensive that  taking time to see if there is a need to fix and replace.

Everyone’s workplace is different and so equipment is subjected to a variety of environments that can accelerate the life expectancy of equipment. It can also become outdated because newer technology or materials may have made such an improvement the replacement will pay for itself. But you will never know until you check.

We came up with three solid reasons why you should consider this.

 

Safety

Just because equipment looks safe on the outside, it doesn’t mean it’s actually safe to use! Racking in particular often gets dinged up by fork trucks and other equipment. This can really affect the structural integrity of the racking system.

You never want to put your employees in a position where they can get injured. So doing racking inspections and having preventative maintenance performed on doors and truck and loading dock equipment is a must!

Efficiency

Newer racking systems and truck and loading dock equipment are built to be more efficient for the end user. One of the reasons we replaced our racking system in our warehouse was because the loading and unloading from the rack was more efficient than the previous racking system. Efficiency leads to happier employees and higher productivity.

Productivity

It's simple. New equipment that is easier to use will increase your productivity and thus, your profits.

Good and sound advise! Many thanks to Amanda Clark, Marketing Manager, Barron Equipment Company

website: www.barroneq.com